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KMID : 1124020170330030271
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Korean Social Security Studies
2017 Volume.33 No. 3 p.271 ~ p.298
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Measuring equal opportunity in South Korea and OECD countries: Nussbaum`s Capability approach
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Choi Young-Jun
Koo Jun
Kim Hee-Kang
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Abstract
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In recent years, `Hell Chosun` has been one of the key words describing Korean society, illustrating an increasing concern on the status of equal opportunity. While this issue has been widely discussed including inside the politics, little academic research has been done in terms of the situation of equal opportunity in a comparative perspective. In this context, this research aims for addressing the theoretical meaning of equal opportunity and, then, for comparing the level of equal opportunity in different OECD countries. In doing so, we critically review existing literature and propose a new framework to measure equal opportunity using Nussbaum`s capability approach. The analysis shows that Korea is ranked at the 20th among 31 OECD countries, higher than Southern and Eastern European countries. However, the level is much lower than in Anglo-Saxon, continental, and Nordic welfare states. Equal opportunity of education and safety was relatively higher in Korea, but it was low in the area of politics, economy, and leisure. We wrap up the article by discussing the implication of the research result.
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KEYWORD
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Equal opportunity, Capability approach, International comparison, Social mobility
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